LECITHIN

Definition and Structure The ingredients in this report are glycerides of fatty acids, linked to phosphoric acid or to a phosphoric ester. Lecithin, for example, is a naturally occurring mixture of the diglycerides of stearic, palmitic, and oleic acids, linked to the choline ester of phosphoric acid, and is found in plants and animals.1 In naturally occurring lecithins, the phosphoric acid is attached to the glycerol at the α-position. However, the phosphoric acid can also be attached in the β-position of glycerin.2 The structures of α- and β-lecithin are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Positional isomers of Lecithin, wherein RC(O)- represents the residue of a fatty acid. Hydrogenated lecithin (CAS No. 92128-87-5) is the end product of the controlled hydrogenation of lecithin.1  Distributed for comment only -- do not cite or quote Despite the ionic, or even zwitterionic, natures of these ingredients, they are mostly insoluble in water.3 These ingredients typically are waxy, hygroscopic substances that swell in contact with water to form liposomes. The main sources of naturally-occurring phosphoglycerides, such as lecithin, as used in personal care products, are soybean, maize, and egg yolk.4 Synthetic phosphoglycerides can be produced via phospholipase D-catalyzed transphosphatidylation of phosphatidylcholine (which is abundant in soy lecithin) with the desired phosphate substituent (e.g., myo-inositol for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol).5 The definitions, structures and functions of the phosphoglycerides reviewed in this safety assessment are included in Table 1.6 There is some overlap among the ingredients in this report. While phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine are listed as separate ingredients, they are likely components of the ingredient phospholipids. Chemical and Physical Properties … [kırpıldı - bölüm toplam 56159 karakter]

Definition and Structure The ingredients in this report are glycerides of fatty acids, linked to phosphoric acid or to a phosphoric ester. Lecithin, for example, is a naturally occurring mixture of the diglycerides of stearic, palmitic, and oleic acids, linked to the choline ester of phosphoric acid, and is found in plants and animals.1 In naturally occurring lecithins, the phosphoric acid is attached to the glycerol at the α-position. However, the phosphoric acid can also be attached in the β-position of glycerin.2 A structural scheme that is representative of the systematic nature of the phosphoglycerides family is presented in Figure 1.  Distributed for comment only -- do not cite or quote Figure 1. Phosphoglycerides Phosphatidylserine is one example of a phosphoglyceride substituted with a fatty acid ester at the secondary alcohol residue of glycerin (i.e., is not a lysophosphoglyceride) and an amino acid (i.e., serine) attached through the phosphate group, as depicted in Figure 2. Figure 2. One example of a phosphoglyceride, phosphatidylserine (depicted is just one example of the possible fatty acyl chain lengths). Hydrogenated lecithin (CAS No. 92128-87-5) is the end product of the controlled hydrogenation of lecithin.1 Despite the ionic, or even zwitterionic, natures of these ingredients, they are mostly insoluble in water.3 These ingredients typically are waxy, hygroscopic substances that swell in contact with water to form liposomes.  Distributed for comment only -- do not cite or quote The main sources of naturally-occurring phosphoglycerides, such as lecithin, as used in personal care products, are maize, egg yolk, and soybean.4 Phospholipids constitute 0.3% to 0.6% of soybean seed, or 1.5% to 3.0% of crude soybean … [kırpıldı - bölüm toplam 59452 karakter]

EPA ToxValDB genotoxicity: positive - positive reports: 2, negative: 0, Ames: positive. Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.