P-HYDROXYANISOLE

EU 1223/2009 Annex III — SCCS opinion: Opinion on The Use of Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)

EU 1223/2009 Annex III — SCCS opinion: Hydroquinone methylether (MEHQ) in artificial nail systems

EU 1223/2009 Annex III — SCCS opinion: Hydroquinone (HQ)

Definition and Structure ydroxyanisole (CAS No. 150-76-5) is the substituted phenolic com- P-H pound with the formula:“) OH 0 :: OCH3 31  Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote 32 COSMETIC INGREDIENT REVIEW ~ p-Hydroxyanisole is also known as Antioxidant 221, 4-hydroxyanisole, p- ~ methoxyphenol, 4-methoxyphenol, and hydroquinone monomethyl ether.(lm4) ~ Method of Manufacture and Impurities p-Hydroxyanisole can be made by reaction of hydroquinone with dimethyl ether over a mixture of silica and alumina at 250 to 300°C.(5’ The compound is also produced commercially by the methylation of hydroquinone with dimethyl sulfate. (6) p-Hydroxyanisole used for cosmetic purposes typically has a purity of 99.5 percent. Impurities include an “unidentified compound with a high boiling point! (approximately 0.4 percent) and hydroquinone dimethyl ether (about 0.1 per- cent). Hydroquinone normally is not detected.‘“) Properties p-Hydroxyanisole is a white, waxy solid that has an odor of caramel and phe- nol.(2,4*61 During storage, the compound is quite stable.‘6’ It is soluble in water, aqueous ethanol, acetone, ether, ethylacetate, and benzene.‘2,3’ As indicated by its ionization constant (pk) of 10.25, p-Hydroxyanisole has acidic properties char- acteristic of phenols. (‘) Peak absorbance of ultraviolet light occurs at approxi- mately 340 nm. (*) Additional chemical and physical data for p-Hydroxyanisole … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 92801 karakter]

p-Hydroxyanisole is a substituted phenol that is reported to function as an antioxidant, fragrance ingredient, and reducing agent in cosmetics.3 This aromatic ether is a waxy solid prepared by the reaction of hydroquinone with dimethylether.4 As noted in the original report, p-hydroxyanisole has acidic properties characteristic of phenols. It interacts by hydrogen bonding to other molecules of p-hydroxyanisole, water molecules, and various proteins. The compound is readily oxidized and can undergo a variety of reactions, including alkylation, halogenation, and other substitutions on the aromatic nucleus. Peak absorbance of UV light by p-hydroxyanisole occurs at about 340 nm. USE Cosmetic Use in Nail Products Data on ingredient use are provided to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP).5 In 2014, it was reported by the VCRP that p-hydroxyanisole is used in 3 basecoats and undercoats and 2 nail extenders. A survey was conducted by the Personal Care Products Council (Council) of the maximum use concentrations for this ingredient.6 No uses were reported for p-hydroxyanisole by the Council. An internet search for “p- hydroxyanisole” and “cosmetic ingredients” showed that there are more nail gel products available on the market than those reported to either the VCRP or the Council. While a full inventory of the results was not taken, multiple professional and home-kits were available for sale that included nail gels containing p-hydroxyanisole requiring UV curing. Because industry is not required to register products with the VCRP, the database represents a sampling of cosmetics that are available on the market.  Distributed for comment only -- do not cite or quote … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 30907 karakter]

Definition and Structure p-Hydroxyanisole is a substituted phenol. This aromatic ether is a waxy solid prepared by the reaction of hydroquinone with dimethylether.4 As noted in the original report, p-hydroxyanisole has acidic properties characteristic of phenols. It interacts by hydrogen bonding to other molecules of p-hydroxyanisol, water molecules, and various proteins. The compound is readily oxidized and can undergo a variety of reactions, including alkylation, halogenation, and other substitutions on the aromatic nucleus. Peak absorbance of UV light by p-hydroxyanisole occurs at about 340 nm. O CH3 HO p-Hydroxyanisole Figure 1. p-Hydroxyanisole USE Cosmetic Use in Nail Products Data on ingredient use are provided to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP).5 Because industry is not required to register products with the VCRP, the database may only represent a sampling of cosmetics that are available on the market. In 2014, it was reported to the VCRP that p-hydroxyanisole is used in 3 basecoats and undercoats and 2 nail extenders. A survey was conducted by the Personal Care Products Council (Council) of the maximum use concentrations for 2  Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote 6 this ingredient. No uses were reported for p-hydroxyanisole by the Council. An internet search for “p-hydroxyanisole” and … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 29610 karakter]

Definition and Structure p-Hydroxyanisole is a substituted phenol (Figure 1). This aromatic ether is a waxy solid prepared by the reaction of hydroquinone with dimethylether.4 As noted in the original report, p-hydroxyanisole has acidic properties characteristic of phenols. It interacts by hydrogen bonding to itself, water molecules, and various proteins. The compound is readily oxidized and can undergo a variety of reactions, including alkylation, halogenation, and other substitutions on the aromatic nucleus. Peak absorbance of UV light by p-hydroxyanisole occurs at about 340 nm. O CH3 HO p-Hydroxyanisole Figure 1. p-Hydroxyanisole USE Cosmetic Use In Nail Products Data on ingredient use are provided to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP).5 Because industry is not required to register products with the VCRP, the database may represent a sampling of cosmetics that are available on the market. The VCRP reports that p-hydroxyanisole is used in 3 basecoats and undercoats and 2 nail extenders. A survey was conducted by the Personal Care Products Council (Council) of the maximum use concentrations for this ingredient.6 No uses were reported for p-hydroxyanisole by the Council. However, a web search for p-hydroxyanisole in 2  Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 27201 karakter]

Analytical Methods The purity of Hydroquinone, derivatized and underivatized samples, has been determined using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GUFID) JAm Co11 Toxicol, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1994 II  Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote H YDROQUINONE 169 (Eastman Kodak Company, 1988, 1989). The structure of Hydroquinone was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GUMS), using electron impact ionization (EI). Rate of Hydroquinone Disappearance During Its Use in Hair Dyes Hydroquinone, which acts as a regulating agent allowing some control of the color-forming coupling reactions, is a “consumable” in the hair dyeing procedure, with its actual concentration decreasing as the color-forming reactions proceed (L’Oreal, 1990). To determine how much of the Hydroquinone is consumed, three commercial hair dye formulations were used to measure the rate of disappearance of Hydro- quinone during the hair dyeing procedure (L’Oreal, 1990). Two of the formula- tions contained 0.08% (w/w) and the third contained 0.15% (w/w) Hydroquinone. An oxidation cream containing 6% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide was used for oxida- tion of the mixtures. The test article was prepared by mixing 15 g of the cream oxidant with 15 g of the hair dye. It was then uniformly applied with a paintbrush to a 30 cm long (15 g) lock of natural hair. After 5, 10, 20, and 30 min, 2.5 g samples of the hair dye mixture were collected from the hair lock and assayed in a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. (Results of the system calibration showed that it responded linearly with respect to concentration of Hydroquinone for the range 0.8-80 Fg/ml.) For each of the three formulations, the percentage of residual Hydroquinone was determined as a function of time. The amount of Hydroquinone that remained … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 214341 karakter]

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Skin Sensitization, classification: Skin Sens. 1. Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Eye Irritation, classification: Category 6.4A (Category 2A). Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Skin Irritation, classification: Category 6.3A (Category 2). Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Skin Sensitization, classification: Category 6.5B (Category 1). Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: skin irritation: in vivo, classification: Moderate or Mild Irritation, species: rabbit, study: skin irritation, guideline: OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) according to, year: 2006. Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

EPA ToxCast ER model: NO estrogen receptor activity found (AUC agonist=0, antagonist=0). Tested in 18 in vitro assays. Caveat: this is an in vitro screening model with no dose or exposure context; it does NOT mean an effect occurs in humans at cosmetic use levels.