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4-Amino-3-nitrophenol

Controversial0 products
CAS
610-81-1
EC
2102368
PubChem CID
3758882
Molecular Formula
C6H6N2O3
Molecular Weight
154.1200 g/mol

Used as a colorant in hair dyes. Safe when used up to a maximum of 1.0% in non-oxidative products.

What does it do?

Used as a colorant in hair dyes.

Details

A synthetic colorant used to obtain red-yellow tones in hair dyes. It can be found in both permanent and temporary dyes. Its use in temporary dyes is limited to 1% due to the risk of sensitizing the skin and causing allergies. People with sensitive scalps may need to be cautious.

Hazards

Target Organ Toxic

Benefits

None Specified

Functions

Colorant

Restrictions

Risky During Pregnancy

Where is it found?

Hair dyes

Function & Use

Hair Dyeing

Regulatory note

  • EU 1223/2009 Annex IIIRestricted

Industry GHS notices (PubChem)

These are industry self-reports to ECHA, not our regulatory assessment.

  • H302(61.5%)- Harmful if swallowed
  • H315(56.0%)- Causes skin irritation
  • H317(55.0%)- May cause an allergic skin reaction
  • H319(66.1%)- Causes serious eye irritation
  • H335(40.4%)- May cause respiratory irritation
PubChem CID 3758882 →
The verdict isn’t ours: below is what SCCS (EU Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), ToxValDB (EPA Toxicity Value Database), Europe PMC (scientific literature) said, verbatim.

What The Sources Say

SCCS (EU Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety)8
Safety assessment

EU 1223/2009 Annex III — SCCS opinion: Request for a Re-evaluation of hair dyes listed in Annex III to Directive 76/768/EEC on Cosmetic Products

Safety assessment

EU 1223/2009 Annex III — SCCS opinion: Opinion concerning Use of Permanent Hair Dyes and Bladder Cancer - Updated 2004

Safety assessment

EU 1223/2009 Annex III — SCCS opinion: Opinion on Personal Use of Hair Dyes and Cancer Risk

Safety assessment

EU 1223/2009 Annex III — SCCS opinion: Opinion on the Use of Permanent Hair Dyes and Bladder Cancer Risk

Safety assessment

EU 1223/2009 Annex III — SCCS opinion: Assessment Strategies for Hair Dyes

+3 more records.

Europe PMC (scientific literature)1
General assessmentView source →

Cited by 1. The chemical 4-amino-3-nitrophenol (4A3NP) is classified as an amino nitrophenol and is primarily utilized as an ingredient in hair dye colorants. In Korea and Europe, it is exclusively used in non-oxidative or oxidative hair dye formulations, with maximum allowable concentrations of 1% and 1.5%, respectively. Despite this widespread use, risk assessment of 4A3NP has not been completed due to the

ToxValDB (EPA Toxicity Value Database)5
Hazard claimView source →

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Skin Irritation, classification: SkinIrr2. Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

Hazard claimView source →

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: eye irritation: in vivo, classification: Moderate or Mild Irritation, species: rabbit, study: eye irritation, guideline: OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to, year: 1996. Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

Hazard claimView source →

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: skin irritation: in vivo, classification: Ambiguous, species: rabbit, study: skin irritation, guideline: OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) 12 May 1981 according to, year: 1992. Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

Hazard claimView source →

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA), classification: High Frequency of Sensitization, species: mouse, study: skin sensitization, guideline: according to OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay) Adopted : 24th April 2002, year: 2005. Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

+1 more records.

Scientific References

  • Analytical Method Development and Dermal Absorption of 4-Amino-3-Nitrophenol (4A3NP), a Hair Dye Ingredient under the Oxidative or Non-Oxidative Condition.Toxics
  • Assessment Strategies for Hair DyesSCCS — Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety
  • EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard — DSSTox identifiers mapped to CAS (2021r1)US EPA, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure
  • EU CosIng — Cosmetic Ingredient Database full exportEuropean Commission, DG GROW
  • Memorandum on Hair Dye Substances and their Skin Sensitising PropertiesSCCS — Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety
  • Opinion concerning Use of Permanent Hair Dyes and Bladder Cancer - Updated 2004SCCS — Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety
  • Opinion on 4-Amino-3-nitrophenolSCCS — Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety
  • Opinion on Personal Use of Hair Dyes and Cancer RiskSCCS — Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety
  • Opinion on the Use of Permanent Hair Dyes and Bladder Cancer RiskSCCS — Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety
  • Request for a Re-evaluation of hair dyes listed in Annex III to Directive 76/768/EEC on Cosmetic ProductsSCCS — Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety
  • ToxValDB — genotoxicityUS EPA — ToxValDB v97
  • ToxValDB — skin/eyeUS EPA — ToxValDB v97