4-Hidroksibenzoik asit

EU 1223/2009 Annex V — SCCS görüşü: Opinion on Parabens

EU 1223/2009 Annex V — SCCS görüşü: underarm cosmetics and breast cancer

EU 1223/2009 Annex V — SCCS görüşü: Opinion concerning Restrictions on Materials listed in annex VI of Directive 76/768/EEC on Cosmetic Products

EU 1223/2009 Annex V — SCCS görüşü: Extended Opinion on the Safety Evaluation of Parabens

Dermal Penetration 2008 Parabens in cosmetic formulations applied to skin penetrate the stratum corneum in inverse relation to the ester chain length.2 Carboxylesterases present in keratinocytes hydrolyze parabens in the skin. The extent of the breakdown to 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid is different between rodent and human skin. In vitro studies also indicate a difference in the extent of hydrolysis to 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, depending on whether viable whole skin or dermatomed human skin is used, with the  Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote former having a larger extent of hydrolysis. Chemicals that disrupt the stratum corneum may increase the skin penetration of Methylparaben and possibly Ethylparaben, but do not affect the penetration of parabens with longer ester chains. In Vitro In vitro dermal penetration studies are presented in Table 9. In Franz-type diffusion cells, 2.3% - 3.3% of the applied concentration (0.1%) of Methylparaben penetrated porcine skin (fresh or after stored frozen) in 4 h.33 In 24 h, 2.0% - 5.8% and 2.9% - 7.6% penetrated previously frozen intact and tape- stripped skin, respectively. In full-thickness porcine skin stored frozen, permeability coefficients ranged from 31.3 ± 1.6 to 214.8 ± 40 cm/h x 10-4, decreasing (Methylparaben > Ethylparaben > Propylparaben > Butylparaben) with increasing lipophilicity.34 Increasing the ethanol concentration or the exposure duration increased the retention of the parabens in the dermis, compared to the epidermis. Binary combinations of the parabens reduced their permeation rates, which was attributed by the authors to high retention in the epidermis and dermis. In a different study, the penetration of parabens in 3 commercial facial cream formulations through rabbit ear skin ranged from 20% - 60%, after 8 h in Franz-type diffusion cells, increasing with the water solubility of the paraben (Propylparaben < … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 12420 karakter]

EPA ToxValDB cilt/göz verisi — endpoint: Skin Sensitization, sınıflandırma: Category 6.5B (Category 1). Sınır: bu bir derleme kayıttır; doz, tür ve maruziyet yolu birlikte değerlendirilmelidir.

EPA ToxValDB cilt/göz verisi — endpoint: Eye Irritation, sınıflandırma: Category 6.4A (Category 2A). Sınır: bu bir derleme kayıttır; doz, tür ve maruziyet yolu birlikte değerlendirilmelidir.

EPA ToxValDB cilt/göz verisi — endpoint: skin irritation: in vivo, sınıflandırma: Studies Indicate No Significant Irritation, tür: rabbit, çalışma: skin irritation, kılavuz: OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) dated 24th April, 2002 according to EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) of Council regulation No. 440/2008 according to, yıl: 2009. Sınır: bu bir derleme kayıttır; doz, tür ve maruziyet yolu birlikte değerlendirilmelidir.

EPA ToxValDB cilt/göz verisi — endpoint: eye irritation: in vivo, sınıflandırma: Corrosive or Irritation Persists for &gt; 21 days, tür: rabbit, çalışma: eye irritation, kılavuz: OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to EU Method B.5 (Acute Toxicity: Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to, yıl: 2010. Sınır: bu bir derleme kayıttır; doz, tür ve maruziyet yolu birlikte değerlendirilmelidir.

EPA ToxValDB cilt/göz verisi — endpoint: skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA), sınıflandırma: Not likely to be sensitizing, tür: mouse, çalışma: skin sensitization, kılavuz: according to OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay) adopted 24 April 2002, yıl: 2009. Sınır: bu bir derleme kayıttır; doz, tür ve maruziyet yolu birlikte değerlendirilmelidir.

EPA ToxCast ER modeli: östrojen reseptörü aktivitesi BULUNMADI (AUC agonist=0, antagonist=0). 18 in vitro deneyde test edildi. Sınır: in vitro tarama modelidir, doz/maruziyet bağlamı içermez; kozmetikteki kullanım seviyesinde insanda etki gösterdiği anlamına GELMEZ.