Kalsiyum karbonat

Definition and General Characterization The simple carbonate salts are alkaline salts that may be formed by treating carbonic acid with an appropriate base (e.g., adding carbonic acid to sodium hydroxide will produce sodium carbonate [and water]). Figure 1. Carbonic Acid and Salts Thereof. However, most of these salts are also naturally occurring as minerals. All of the ingredients in this report are related as either alkaline earth metal (column I or II) or ammonium salts of carbonic acid. This group comprises simple carbonate salts with differences in properties that can be attributed to differences in the cation(s) of which they are composed. Assessing the safety of all of these ingredients in a single report facilitates a coherent analysis of the differences in properties among these ingredients. This enables a more informative and efficient safety assessment of the ingredients, as an ingredient group, than would be likely in separate reports that each assess a single ingredient. Physical and Chemical Properties These ingredients are typically colorless or white solids with low formula weights. While the carbonate salts may be fairly alkaline in concentrated solution, an acceptable pH can be easily obtained in formulations. Data on the chemical and physical properties of simple carbonate salts are presented in Table 2.  Distributed for comment only -- do not cite or quote Method of Manufacture Ammonium Carbonate Ammonium Carbonate may be prepared from gaseous ammonia, carbon dioxide, and steam.4 Calcium Carbonate Calcium Carbonate, as used for industrial purposes, is extracted by mining or quarrying.5 Pure Calcium Carbonate can be produced from marble, or it can be prepared by passing carbon dioxide into a solution of calcium hydroxide. In the … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 9940 karakter]

Oral Calcium Carbonate Female Swiss mice were bred after feeding (number of animals/feeding duration not stated) them a diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1%, or 2% Calcium Carbonate.22 First and second litters were studied. Calcium Carbonate (1% and 2% in diet) yielded an intake of approximately 3 g/kg body weight. When compared to the control diet, the supplemented diet significantly decreased the number and total weight of the weanling mice, and increased the proportion of deaths. Calcium Carbonate (2%) in the diet also caused hypertrophy of the heart and a tendency toward decreased thymus weight in weanling mice. Potassium Carbonate The teratogenicity of Potassium Carbonate was evaluated using groups of 22 to 25 CD-1 mice, according to a protocol similar to OECD Test Guideline 414.23,29 The test substance was administered, by gavage, at dose rates of 0, 2.9, 13.5, 62.5, or 290 mg/kg body weight/day, on gestation days 6 through 15. On day 17, Caesarean section was performed on  Distributed for comment only -- do not cite or quote all of the dams, and the following information was recorded: sex, numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, resorption sites, live and dead fetuses, and body weights of live pups. The urogenital tract of each dam was examined in detail for anatomical normality. All of the fetuses were examined grossly for the presence of external congenital abnormalities. One- third of the fetuses in each litter were subjected to detailed visceral examinations, and the remaining two-thirds were examined for skeletal defects. There were no effects on mortality, body weight gain, or the urogenital tracts of dams. The no-observed-effect-level (NOEL) for maternal toxicity was 290 mg/kg body weight/day (i.e., the highest dose tested). There were no effects on any of the following: numbers of corpora lutea, live litters, implantations, resorptions, live and dead … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 4787 karakter]

Calcium Carbonate Calcium Carbonate (0.40 mCi of calcium 14C-carbonate pellet) was implanted intraperitoneally into a male rat.22 Approximately 72% of the radioactivity was excreted as respiratory carbon dioxide between 2 h and 142 h after implantation (most after 69 h). Approximately 30% of the dose was recovered in unabsorbed pellet. Urinary radioactivity accounted for 0.27% of the dose and fecal radioactivity accounted for approximately 0.07% of the dose; 1% of the absorbed dose was retained by the tissues. Potassium Carbonate Following ingestion, Potassium Carbonate rapidly dissociates in the gastric juice to yield carbonate ions (CO 3 2-) and potassium ions (K+).23 Similarly, the dissociation into ions (in gastric juice) of the following other carbonate salts reviewed in this safety assessment would be expected: Magnesium Carbonate, Ammonium Bicarbonate, Ammonium Carbonate, Calcium Carbonate, and Potassium Bicarbonate.

Definition and General Characterization The carbonate salts are alkaline salts that may be formed by treating carbonic acid with an appropriate base (e.g., adding carbonic acid to sodium hydroxide will produce sodium carbonate (and water); Figure 1). Figure 1. Carbonic Acid and Salts Thereof. However, most of these salts are also naturally occurring as minerals. All of the ingredients in this report are related as either alkaline earth metal (column I or II) or ammonium salts of carbonic acid. This group comprises carbonate salts with differences in properties that can be attributed to differences in the cation component. Assessing the safety of all of these ingredients in a single report facilitates a coherent analysis, taking into account comparabilities and differences in properties among these ingredients. This enables a more informative and efficient safety assessment of the ingredients than would be likely in separate reports that each assesses a single ingredient. The definitions of the carbonate salts that are included in this safety assessment are presented in Table 1. These salts are classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in food. Daily consumption of these GRAS foods would result in much larger  Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote systemic exposures than what is expected from use in cosmetic products, even if there was 100% dermal absorption of the cosmetic product. Thus, the systemic toxicity potential of these carbonate salts via oral exposure is not addressed further in this report. The primary focus of the safety assessment is the review of the safety of topical exposure to these ingredients. Physical and Chemical Properties These ingredients are typically colorless or white solids with low formula weights (Table 2). While the carbonate … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 12379 karakter]

Oral Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate The following data on magnesium chloride hexahydrate (surrogate compound) are included in a REACH dossier on Magnesium Carbonate that was submitted to ECHA.25 The reproductive and developmental toxicity of magnesium chloride hexahydrate was studied using groups of up to 30 male and female Wistar rats. The dose groups were as follows: 250 mg/kg body weight/day (10 males, 10 females), 500 mg/kg body weight/day (12 males, 12 females), and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day (15 males, 15 females). The vehicle (water) control group consisted of 12 males and 12 females. The test substance was administered orally (by gavage) to males and females daily during 14 days pre-mating and 14 days of mating. The test substance was also administered to females during gestation and up to postnatal day 3, and to males for 28 to 29 days. No test substance-related histopathological lesions were observed in the reproductive organs of male or female rats dosed with the test substance (all dose groups). There were no treatment-related effects with respect to the following when compared to controls: mean number of corpora lutea, number of implantation sites, total number of pups born, number of males, number of females, sex ratio, live pups, still birth, runt on postnatal day (PND) 0, and total number of live pups and sex ratio on PND 4, pre-implantation loss and post-implantation loss. The survival of pups (in all treatment groups) from PND 0 to PND 4 was not affected by treatment. At necropsy, there were no gross external abnormalities in pups from any dose group. It was concluded that the NOAEL for reproductive/developmental toxicity of magnesium chloride hexahydrate was 1000 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, it was determined that the equivalent NOAEL for Magnesium Carbonate was 414 mg/kg body weight/day. Additonal results from this study are included in the Short-Term Oral Toxicity section of this report. … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 14012 karakter]

EPA ToxValDB cilt/göz verisi — endpoint: eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo, sınıflandırma: Studies Indicate No Significant Irritation, tür: cattle, çalışma: eye irritation, kılavuz: other guideline: OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage) according to EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants) Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 according to, yıl: 2016. Sınır: bu bir derleme kayıttır; doz, tür ve maruziyet yolu birlikte değerlendirilmelidir.

EPA ToxValDB cilt/göz verisi — endpoint: eye irritation: in vivo, sınıflandırma: Studies Indicate No Significant Irritation, tür: rabbit, çalışma: eye irritation, kılavuz: OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to EU Method B.5 (Acute Toxicity: Eye Irritation / Corrosion) according to, yıl: 2004. Sınır: bu bir derleme kayıttır; doz, tür ve maruziyet yolu birlikte değerlendirilmelidir.

EPA ToxValDB cilt/göz verisi — endpoint: skin irritation: in vivo, sınıflandırma: Studies Indicate No Significant Irritation, tür: rabbit, çalışma: skin irritation, kılavuz: OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) according to EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion) according to, yıl: 2004. Sınır: bu bir derleme kayıttır; doz, tür ve maruziyet yolu birlikte değerlendirilmelidir.

EPA ToxValDB cilt/göz verisi — endpoint: skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA), sınıflandırma: Not likely to be sensitizing, tür: mouse, çalışma: skin sensitization, kılavuz: according to OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay) according to EU Method B.42 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay), yıl: 2010. Sınır: bu bir derleme kayıttır; doz, tür ve maruziyet yolu birlikte değerlendirilmelidir.

EPA ToxValDB cilt/göz verisi — endpoint: Eye Irritation, sınıflandırma: Category 6.4A (Category 2A). Sınır: bu bir derleme kayıttır; doz, tür ve maruziyet yolu birlikte değerlendirilmelidir.