FORMIC ACID

EU 1223/2009 Annex V — SCCS opinion: Opinion concerning Restrictions on Materials listed in annex VI of Directive 76/768/EEC on Cosmetic Products

Definition and Structure Formic acid (CAS No. 64-18-6),the simplest carboxylic acid with just one carbon, is volatile (vapor pressure is 42.71 hPa), weak (pKa 3.7), organic acid.2,7 Sodium formate (CAS No. 141-53-7) is the sodium salt of formic acid. O O Na+ H OH H O- formic acid sodium formate Figure 1. Structures of Formic Acid and Sodium Formate Chemical and Physical Properties Formic Acid Formic acid is a colorless to yellow, pungent liquid (molecular weight = 46.03 g/mol), and the following logK ow value has been reported for formic acid at 23°C and pH=7: -2.1.3 Formic acid melts at 4oC and boils at 100.2oC (1013 hPa). The density of formic acid is 1.2195 and it is miscible in water.4 Sodium Formate Sodium formate is a white, colorless powder (molecular weight = 69.02 g/mol), has a logK ow of -4.27, melts at 253oC, has a density of 1.968 g/ml, and is soluble in water.4  Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote Method of Manufacture Formic Acid The primary method of formic acid manufacture is via acid hydrolysis of methyl formate. Some other methods of production of formic acid are as follows:5 (1) treatment of sodium formate and sodium acid formate with sulfuric acid at low temperatures (vacuum distilled); and (2) as a byproduct in the manufacture of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Sodium Formate Sodium formate is a byproduct in the synthesis of polyols such as pentaerythritol. However, it is also produced … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 57041 karakter]

Chemical and Physical Properties Formic Acid (CAS No. 64-18-6) is an organic acid that conforms to the formula in Figure 1 (Wenninger and McEwen, 1995a). Other names for this ingredient include Methanoic Acid, Aminic Acid, Formylic Acid, and Hydrogen Carboxylic Acid (RTECS, 1993; Sax, 1979). Formic Acid has a molecular weight of 46.03 and is a color- less, highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. It is a strong reducing agent. It has a boiling point of 100.5”C and a melting point of 8.4% and is miscible with water, alcohol, ether, and glycerin and soluble in ben- ‘Reviewed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. This report was prepared by Bindu Nair, Scientific Analyst and Writer. Address correspondence to Dr. F. Alan Andersen, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 1101 17th Street NW. Suite 310, Washington, DC 20036, USA. International Journal of Toxicology, 16:221-234,1997 221 Copyright 0 1997 Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1091~581W97$12.00 + .OO 222 COSMETIC INGREDIENT REVIEW 0 II H-C-OH Figure 1. Formula for Formic Acid. zene, toluene, and especially acetone (Wagner, 1980). Its specific grav- ity is approximately 1.20. It can react as an acid and an aldehyde. At temperatures greater than 69”C, vapor and liquid forms of Formic Acid are flammable (RTECS, 1993; Budavari, 1989; National Academy of Sciences, 1996; Sax, 1979; Wagner, 1980). Formic Acid was first observed in 1670 by S. Fisher in products resulting from the distillation of red ants. It is found in some unripened fruit; in the venom of ants, wasps, and bees; and in mammalian muscle tissue, sweat, and urine (National Toxicology Program, 1992; Smolin and Wong, 1982; Tracer Jitco, Inc., 1974). Formic Acid is produced in … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 23034 karakter]

CIR tentative (2013): The CIR Expert Panel concludes that Formic Acid is safe when used in cosmetic formulations as a pH adjustor with a 64-ppm limit for the free acid.

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Eye Irritation, classification: Category 1. Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Skin Irritation, classification: Category 1. Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Skin Sensitization, classification: Not classified. Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Eye Irritation, classification: Category 8.3A (Category 1). Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Skin Irritation, classification: Category 8.2B (Category 1B). Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.