Amyl Salicylate

Definition and General Characterization Salicylic Acid (Figure 1), an aromatic monohydroxybenzoic acid (specifically, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid) is a colorless, crystalline organic acid that can be derived from salicin (a β-glucoside in willow bark). The rest of the ingredients in this report (salicylates) are esters or salts of Salicylic Acid (Figure 2). However, there is one exception, Capryloyl Salicylic Acid (Figure 3), wherein the ester is actually the product of caprylic acid and the phenolic hydroxyl group of Salicylic Acid. As such, this compound is chemically more akin to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) than to the salicylate carboxyl esters. The definitions of the salicylates reviewed in this safety assessment are included in Table 1. Figure 1. Salicylic Acid Figure 2. Salicylates generic structure (wherein R is a salt cation or an alcohol residue), and examples: Calcium Salicylate and Ethylhexyl Salicylate  Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Note Cite or Quote Figure 3. Capryloyl Salicylic Acid Chemical and Physical Properties Chemical and physical properties of Salicylic Acid and salicylates (salts and esters) are presented in Table 2.6,7,8,9 Method of Manufacture Amyl Salicylate Amyl Salicylate can be synthesized by heating a mixture of Salicylic Acid, n-amyl alcohol, and concentrated sulfuric acid under a reflux condenser for approximately 4 h.10 After the unreacted alcohol had been removed by distillation at atmospheric pressure, the residue is washed with 10% aqueous potassium carbonate and dissolved in ether, and the ether solution is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The high-boiling material that remains after removal of the ether is fractionated under reduced pressure. The Amyl Salicylate fraction boils at 116 to 121ºC and 1.4 mmHg. According to … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 11244 karakter]

Retrospective and Multicenter Studies Amyl Salicylate A total of 1323 patients (from 11 centers combined) were patch tested with fragrances.87 Patch testing was performed with Finn chambers on Scanpor tape; patches were applied to the back for 2 days. Readings were made according to International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) guidelines on days 2 and 3, or on days 2 and 4. Twenty-eight irritant or doubtful reactions (on day 3 or 4) to a total of 19 fragrance materials were reported. Two reactions (irritant or doubtful) were reported for 1% Amyl Salicylate. A population of 1855 patients (6 European dermatology departments combined), was patch tested with fragrances. 88 Finn Chambers on Scanpor tape were used in all centers except 1(at which van der Bend chambers were used). Readings were taken at most centers on days 2 and 4. The reading at day 3 or day 4 was used for overall evaluation of positive test results. Three patients had a positive reaction (+) to 5% Amyl Salicylate, and 5 had doubtful reactions. Hexyl Salicylate In a multicenter study, 218 fragrance sensitive patients with proven contact dermatitis were patch tested with various fragrance materials according to internationally accepted criteria.89 No reactions were observed with 5% Hexyl Salicylate in petrolatum. Case Reports Capryloyl Salicylic Acid A female patient who used day and night creams containing Capryloyl Salicylic Acid presented with dermatitis of the face, which was first observed 3 months earlier.90 Positive patch test reactions (+) to both products and to Capryloyl Salicylic Acid (1% in alcohol) were reported. Another female patient who used the same night cream containing Capryloyl Salicylic Acid also presented with facial dermatitis and had a positive path test reaction to this ingredient (1% in alcohol). … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 13014 karakter]

Retrospective and Multicenter Studies Amyl Salicylate A total of 1323 patients (from 11 centers combined) were patch tested with fragrances.92 Patch testing was performed with Finn chambers on Scanpor tape; patches were applied to the back for 2 days. Readings were made according to International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) guidelines on days 2 and 3, or on days 2 and 4. Twenty-eight irritant or doubtful reactions (on day 3 or 4) to a total of 19 fragrance materials were reported. Two reactions (irritant or doubtful) were reported for 1% Amyl Salicylate. A population of 1855 patients (6 European dermatology departments combined), was patch tested with fragrances. 93 Finn Chambers on Scanpor tape were used in all centers except 1(at which van der Bend chambers were used). Readings were taken at most centers on days 2 and 4. The reading at day 3 or day 4 was used for overall evaluation of positive test results. Three patients had a positive reaction (+) to 5% Amyl Salicylate, and 5 had doubtful reactions. Hexyl Salicylate In a multicenter study, 218 fragrance sensitive patients with proven contact dermatitis were patch tested with various fragrance materials according to internationally accepted criteria.94 No reactions were observed with 5% Hexyl Salicylate in petrolatum. Case Reports Methyl Salicylate A man became acutely ill (within less than an hour) after using an herbal skin cream containing Methyl Salicylate (high concentration, value not stated) for the treatment of psoriasis.95 The area of application was covered with an occlusive wrap. Signs of metabolic acidosis superimposed on respiratory alkalosis and a serum salicylate level of 48.5 mg/dL were reported. These signs declined after the patient received treatment for the metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. The … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 12510 karakter]

Definition and General Characterization Salicylic Acid (Figure 1), an aromatic monohydroxybenzoic acid (specifically, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid) is a colorless, crystalline organic acid that can be derived from salicin (a β-glucoside in willow bark).6 The rest of the ingredients in this report (salicylates) are esters or salts of Salicylic Acid (Figure 2). The definitions of the salicylates reviewed in this safety assessment are included in Table 1. Figure 1. Salicylic Acid Figure 2. Salicylates generic structure (wherein R is a salt cation or an alcohol residue), and examples: Calcium Salicylate and Ethylhexyl Salicylate Chemical and Physical Properties The molecular weight of Salicylic Acid is 138 Da; its corresponding salts have formula weights from 160 to 298 Da. The acid and salts are solids at standard temperature and pressure (STP). The molecular weights are as small as 152 Da, and go up to 390 Da. These esters are liquids at STP and are acidic due to the phenolic hydroxyl group. The chemical and physical properties of Salicylic Acid and salicylates (salts and esters) are presented in Table 2.7,8,9,10,11,12 Method of Manufacture Amyl Salicylate Amyl Salicylate can be synthesized by heating a mixture of Salicylic Acid, n-amyl alcohol, and concentrated sulfuric acid under a reflux condenser for approximately 4 h.13 After the unreacted alcohol has been removed by distillation at atmospheric pressure, the residue is washed with 10% aqueous potassium carbonate and dissolved in ether, and the ether solution is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The high-boiling material that remains after removal of the ether is fractionated under reduced pressure. The Amyl Salicylate fraction boils at 116 to 121ºC and 1.4 mm Hg. According to … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 14848 karakter]

Irritation Animal Amyl Salicylate The skin irritation potential of Amyl Salicylate (> 99.8%) was evaluated using 6 Albino angora rabbits.50 The test substance (0.1 g) was applied (using a glass syringe) for 24 h to a 3 x 3 cm area on the dorsal surface of each animal. A 25 cm diameter plastic collar was wrapped around the neck of each animal. Application was repeated 30 min after the end of the initial 24-h application period. Reactions were scored 24 h after the first application and 48 h and 72 h after the second patch  Distributed for comment only -- do not cite or quote application. Amyl Salicylate was severely irritating to the skin. When the irritation potential of the test substance was evaluated according to the same procedure (application to dorsal, mid-lumbar region) using 6 male Hartley guinea pigs, mild skin irritation was observed. The skin irritation potential of Amyl Salicylate (> 99.8%) was evaluated using 6 miniature swine of the Pitman- Moore Improved strain.50 The test substance (0.05 g) was applied, under a 15 mm diameter patch, to dorsal skin for 48 h. Skin irritation was not observed. Ethylhexyl Salicylate Irritation was evaluated during an acute dermal toxicity study on Ethylhexyl Salicylate (described earlier).4 Mild erythema lasting 24 h was observed. Hexyl Salicylate As a part of a modified Draize sensitization study of Hexyl Salicylate, a preliminary irritation screen was conducted to determine the injection challenge concentration (ICC).51 On the shaved flanks of four inbred Hartley strain albino guinea pigs, 0.1 ml aliquots of Hexyl Salicylate at a range of concentrations were given as intradermal injections. Reactions were read 24 h after injection. Hexyl Salicylate at 0.1% produced a positive irritation reaction, and 0.1% (vehicle not reported) was selected as the ICC. … [kırpıldı — bölüm toplam 39327 karakter]

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Skin Irritation, classification: SkinIrr2. Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.

EPA ToxValDB skin/eye data — endpoint: Skin Irritation, classification: Category 6.3A (Category 2). Caveat: this is an aggregated record; dose, species and route of exposure must be considered together.